Nintendo

Nintendo was founded in Kyoto, Japan on September 23, 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi. The company made handmade hanafuda playing cards. The name "Nintendo" is commonly translated as "leave luck to heaven." The playing card business was successful enough that Nintendo became the first company to produce Western-style playing cards in Japan.

In the 1960s, Nintendo tried to diversify beyond playing cards. The company launched a taxi service, a chain of love hotels, and attempted to market instant rice. All three ventures failed. The company nearly went bankrupt. It was a period that taught Nintendo's leadership they had only one genuine competency: entertainment.

The North American video game market crashed catastrophically in 1983 — collapsing from $3 billion to $100 million in two years. Nintendo launched the NES in North America in 1985, packaging it with R.O.B. the robot to avoid it being classified as a toy. The NES revived the entire industry and established Nintendo as its most important company.

Nintendo's Wii U console sold fewer than 14 million units in five years — a commercial disaster that put the company's hardware future in doubt. Nintendo responded with the Switch in 2017: a hybrid console that worked both as a home system and a handheld. It became one of the best-selling consoles in history, with over 150 million units sold by 2025. Mario Kart 8 Deluxe became the best-selling racing game in history.

Nintendo launched the Switch 2 on June 5, 2025, priced at $450. It sold 3.5 million units in its first four days — the fastest launch in Nintendo's history. By October 2025, Switch 2 had crossed 10 million units sold. Mario Kart World, the launch title exclusive to Switch 2, drove extraordinary attach rates. Nintendo projected up to 15 million Switch 2 units sold by March 2026. The company that had nearly gone bankrupt selling love hotel rooms in the 1960s had become the world's most beloved gaming brand — and had proved, once again, that hardware innovation beats raw processing power.